IBERIFIER Reports — Is the ‘AI toolbox for disinformation’ ready?

The Internet and, more recently, social networks deliver continuous content to their users, who are
more connected than ever but overwhelmed and not necessarily better informed. It is often challenging
to distinguish trustworthy from malicious content, especially when it appeals to emotions
and beliefs and comes from familiar sources. In recent years, we have witnessed an increased
volume of false messages in social networks, which tend to spread faster and broader than truthful
information. Not surprisingly, disinformation, meaning incorrect information purposely intended to
harm, has been highlighted as a significant contributor to the polarisation and demeaning of democratic
institutions.

Debunking false information is complicated and time-consuming, requiring expert participation and
manual work. Hence, computational methods based on massive data processing technologies are
envisioned as essential to better understanding and mitigating disinformation. Accordingly, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a suitable toolbox for disinformation detection and fact-checking.
However, the remarkable AI advances in natural language processing, social network analysis or
even synthetic content generation have yet to permeate outside the research labs. The motivation
behind this report is the realization that there is still a considerable gap between AI research labs
and practitioners’ daily challenges on fighting disinformation.

This report provides a concise guide to navigating the recent literature on AI for fighting disinformation,
emphasizing the region covered by the IBERIFIER project. The report covers the fundamentals
of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, describes their application to several facets of disinformation
analysis, and maps datasets and tools generated in the Iberian research community. The main conclusion
is that there is not only a great need to transfer technologies from research to the industry but
also to redirect research efforts toward human-supported tools rather than fully automated solutions
—which are often biased and very domain-specific.

CITATION

Montoro Montarroso, A., Camacho, D., Martín, A., Torregrosa, J., Rosso, P., Chulvi, B., Rementería, M.J., Calvo Figueras, B., Philippe, O., Molina Solana, M., Cantón Correa, J. & Gómez Romero, J. (2023). Is the ‘Ai toolbox for disinformation’ ready? Pamplona: IBERIFIER. 

Otros artículos

AI is transforming the media ecosystem.Online course explores new challenges for journalism and media literacy

How is the media ecosystem changing in the age of Artificial Intelligence? What impact are these transformations having on the way information is produced, disseminated and shared? And what new challenges do they pose...

New season of “O Segredo do Algoritmo” (The Algorithm’s Secret), the RTP programme analysing social media systems

“O Segredo do Algoritmo”, broadcast on the RTP Notícias channel, returns with a new season this Saturday, 5 September, at 7.30 pm. The programme aims to explain and decode how the most popular content...

Ceuta crisis: Disinformation and social media can trigger large-scale movements of people

In a programme broadcast by SIC Notícias on 4 August 2026, José Moreno, a researcher at MediaLab and IBERIFIER, and Paulo Baldaia, a journalist and SIC commentator, analysed the role of social media and...

Mozambican journalists strengthen skills to tackle the challenges of digital information

The Introduction to Digital Journalism course, focused on the challenges and opportunities created by the digital transformation of journalism, concluded on 24 July in Maputo, Mozambique. The training addressed the growing importance of digital...

Fact-checking report: Immigration is the main disinformation topic in Spain and Portugal

Immigration was the most prominent disinformation topic identified in Spain and Portugal between March and May 2026. The finding comes from IBERIFIER’s quarterly report, which brings together the main false claims and disinformation narratives...